Asthma is a chronic (lifelong) lung condition that inflames and narrows the airways, making it difficult to breathe. While asthma affects people of all races, Black individuals are disproportionately impacted, experiencing higher rates of severe asthma and asthma-related deaths. Understanding the available medications and how they work is crucial for managing asthma effectively and improving quality of life.
Common Asthma Medications:
1. Inhaled Corticosteroids
- How they work: These are anti-inflammatory medications that reduce swelling and mucus production in the airways, making it easier to breathe. They are the most common long-term control medication for asthma.
- Examples: Fluticasone (Flovent), Budesonide (Pulmicort), Beclomethasone (Qvar)
2. Long-Acting Beta-Agonists (LABAs)
- How they work: These medications relax the muscles around the airways, opening them up and making breathing easier. They are usually used in combination with inhaled corticosteroids for long-term control.
- Examples: Salmeterol (Serevent), Formoterol (Foradil)
3. Short-Acting Beta-Agonists (SABAs)
- How they work: These are quick-relief medications that provide immediate relief from asthma symptoms by relaxing the airway muscles. They are often used as rescue inhalers during asthma attacks.
- Examples: Albuterol (ProAir, Ventolin), Levalbuterol (Xopenex)
4. Leukotriene Modifiers
- How they work: These medications block leukotrienes, substances that contribute to inflammation and airway narrowing in asthma. They can be used for long-term control or to prevent exercise-induced asthma.
- Examples: Montelukast (Singulair), Zafirlukast (Accolate), Zileuton (Zyflo)
5. Combination Inhalers
- How they work: These inhalers combine an inhaled corticosteroid and a LABA for more effective long-term control.
- Examples: Fluticasone/salmeterol (Advair), Budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort)
6. Biologics
- How they work: These newer medications target specific parts of the immune system that contribute to asthma inflammation. They are typically used for severe asthma that doesn’t respond well to other treatments.
- Examples: Omalizumab (Xolair), Mepolizumab (Nucala), Reslizumab (Cinqair)
Considerations for Black Individuals
While these medications can be effective for many people with asthma, research suggests that Black individuals may experience differences in response to certain treatments.
- Inhaled Corticosteroids: Some studies have shown that Black children with asthma may not respond as well to inhaled corticosteroids alone and may benefit from adding a LABA to their treatment plan. It’s important to note that LABAs are currently recommended for the management of asthma in combination with an inhaled corticosteroid only.1-2
- Biologics: Biologics have shown promise in treating severe asthma in Black individuals, particularly those with higher levels of eosinophils (a type of white blood cell involved in inflammation).3
Key Takeaways
- Personalized Treatment: It’s essential to work with your doctor to find the most effective asthma medications and treatment plan for your individual needs.
- Open Communication: Discuss any concerns about medication side effects or lack of response to treatment with your doctor.
- Proactive Management: Follow your asthma action plan, monitor your symptoms, and take your medications as prescribed to keep your asthma under control.
- Ongoing Research: Stay informed about the latest research on asthma medications and treatment options, particularly those relevant to Black individuals.
By understanding the available medications and working closely with your healthcare provider, you can effectively manage your asthma and live a full and active life.
References:
- Blake KV, et al. Race, Socioeconomic Status, and Asthma Treatment Outcomes in the CHILD Cohort Study. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2018;197(1):65-73.
- Wechsler ME, et al. Step-Up Therapy in Black Children and Adults with Poorly Controlled Asthma. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(7):617-628.
- Fernández-Plata MR, et al. The Impact of Race and Ethnicity on Severe Asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract. 2021;9(1):108-118.
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