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Sickle Cell Disease

Learn about this condition that affects our communities at higher rates and discover resources for support.

What Is Sickle Cell Disease?

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that causes red blood cells to form a sickle, or crescent, shape. These cells are stiff and sticky, which makes it harder for them to carry oxygen and move through the body.

When these sickled cells block blood flow, it can lead to intense pain, infections, strokes, and organ damage.

SCD primarily affects people of African descent, though it also occurs in people from the Caribbean, the Middle East, Central and South America, and parts of India.

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Symptoms of
Sickle Cell Disease

Symptoms can start in infancy and may vary from person to person. Some people experience frequent pain crises, while others may have milder symptoms.

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PAIN CRISES

  • Sudden, severe pain in the chest, back, arms, or legs
  • Can last for hours or days

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FATIGUE & SHORTNESS OF BREATH

  • Caused by anemia (low red blood cell count)

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SWELLING IN HANDS & FEET

  • Often one of the first signs in young children

PAIN CRISES

  • Sudden, severe pain in the chest, back, arms, or legs
  • Can last for hours or days

FATIGUE & SHORTNESS OF BREATH

  • Caused by anemia (low red blood cell count)

SWELLING IN HANDS & FEET

  • Often one of the first signs in young children

Want more information about this condition?

Because symptoms can mimic other conditions, it’s important to advocate for blood tests and imaging if something doesn’t feel right.

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Living with asthma? Our community member, Eriel, knows a thing or two about
managing flare-ups or asthma attacks.

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Risk Factors
for Sickle Cell Disease

Here are a few factors that might put you at risk for Sickle cell disease:

  • Genetics: SCD is inherited when both parents carry the sickle cell trait (SCT).
  • Race & Ethnicity: Most common in Black individuals and people with ancestry from malaria-endemic regions.
  • Family History: Having relatives with SCD or SCT increases risk.
  • Carrier Testing: Knowing your trait status helps with family planning.
  • Education & Early Monitoring: Learning about warning signs can lead to faster intervention.
  • Advocacy in Care: Many with SCD face discrimination in hospitals—knowing your rights and history can improve care.
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Managing Sickle Cell Disease

While there’s no universal cure yet, people with SCD can live full lives with the right support, monitoring, and medical care.

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Daily Management & Monitoring

  • Stay hydrated and avoid extreme temperatures
  • Watch for signs of infection or pain crisis
  • Take folic acid and prescribed medications daily
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Medications & Treatment Options

  • Hydroxyurea: Helps reduce pain episodes and hospitalizations
  • L-glutamine, voxelotor, and crizanlizumab: Newer drugs that improve blood flow and reduce complications
  • Blood Transfusions: Can help prevent strokes and improve oxygen flow
  • Bone Marrow Transplant: The only known cure, but not widely accessible
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Navigating Care With Confidence

  • Emergency Plans: Know how to describe your symptoms quickly
  • Pain Advocacy: Many Black people report being undertreated for pain—your voice matters

Managing Sickle Cell Disease

While there’s no universal cure yet, people with SCD can live full lives with the right support, monitoring, and medical care.

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Medications

Common types of blood pressure medications include:

  • Diuretics (“water pills”): Help your body get rid of extra salt and water
  • ACE inhibitors & ARBs: Help relax your blood vessels
  • Calcium channel blockers: Help slow your heartbeat and ease vessel tension
  • Beta blockers: Reduce your heart rate and how hard it works
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Everyday Strategies

  • Reduce Salt: Aim for less than 1,500 mg per day
  • Manage Stress: Therapy, prayer, breathing exercises, joy
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Lifestyle Support

  • Eat Smart: Whole foods, fruits, veggies, low-fat dairy, whole grains
  • Move More: 30 minutes of activity most days
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Daily Management & Monitoring

  • Stay hydrated and avoid extreme temperatures
  • Watch for signs of infection or pain crisis
  • Take folic acid and prescribed medications daily
shutterstock 2267598179 scaled 1

Medications & Treatment Options

  • Hydroxyurea: Helps reduce pain episodes and hospitalizations
  • L-glutamine, voxelotor, and crizanlizumab: Newer drugs that improve blood flow and reduce complications
  • Blood Transfusions: Can help prevent strokes and improve oxygen flow
  • Bone Marrow Transplant: The only known cure, but not widely accessible
shutterstock 2139171533

Navigating Care With Confidence

  • Emergency Plans: Know how to describe your symptoms quickly
  • Pain Advocacy: Many Black people report being undertreated for pain—your voice matters

What Our Community Needs

We read the online discourse on sickle cell disease and found that our community is looking for:

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HCP Expertise

People living with sickle cell often encounter HCPs who lack a full understanding of their condition’s complexities, leaving many surprised to discover they must educate providers just to receive basic care.

Effective Treatments

For many, the journey to find effective treatment often involves navigating options like hydroxyurea, voxelotor, and crizanlizumab. Each treatment offers potential benefits, but individual responses can vary widely, making it a process of trial and error that is both physically and emotionally challenging.

Coping Methods for Anxiety

Pain crises can disrupt work, relationships, and social activities, causing feelings of isolation and fear that are difficult to share with others who may not understand. The lack of understanding from both social circles and HCPs deepens this impact, as people often feel they must hide or minimize their condition.

Financial Literacy

Many people face significant financial hurdles in accessing essential care, navigating complex systems for disability benefits and insurance. Long wait times for Social Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) approval, repeated denials, and restrictive eligibility criteria make it challenging to secure necessary support.

Resources for Sickle Cell Disease

Many people with sickle cell disease live active, fulfilling lives. Explore resources below.

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Real people share how they manage their diagnosis—and stay encouraged.

Talk To Your Doctor Toolkit

Questions to ask at your next visit, especially if you’re experiencing symptoms.

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Understand how to join and what to expect from clinical research.

Resources for Sickle Cell Disease

Many people with sickle cell disease live active, fulfilling lives. Explore resources below.

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